The Role of Nutrition in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Preventing cancer isn’t always straightforward; pinpointing a singular cause can prove elusive. However, numerous studies emphasize a crucial factor that can influence cancer risk: nutrition. Sarah Merritt, the regional community outreach coordinator for Wilmot Cancer Institute’s Community Outreach at UR Medicine, alongside Sue Czap, a registered dietitian at the Pluta Integrative Oncology and Wellness Center, shed light on the importance of nutritional strategies in both cancer prevention and throughout the treatment journey.

What Research Shows

Extensive research indicates that diets abundant in plant foods—like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes—are linked with a reduced risk of many types of cancer. These foods provide essential vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals that promote overall health.

Conversely, intake of alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, excessive red meat, and processed meats has been associated with elevated cancer risk. Therefore, experts suggest minimizing or completely avoiding these items.

What to Eat to Reduce Cancer Risk

Instead of following short-term diets, the emphasis should be on long-lasting eating habits. Here are some key recommendations from UR Medicine experts:

Make Plants the Main Course

Aim for meals predominantly composed of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Animal protein should be a smaller component. The American Institute for Cancer Research suggests that no more than one-third of your plate should consist of animal-based proteins.

Eat Foods Close to Their Natural State

Stocking your kitchen with whole and minimally processed foods is vital. The more a food resembles its natural form, the richer it is in nutrients. Steering clear of ultra-processed foods can significantly help in minimizing unnecessary added sugars, salts, and unhealthy fats.

Limit Alcohol

Alcohol consumption has been shown to increase the risk of cancer. The American Cancer Society advises limiting or abstaining from alcohol entirely for the safest health outcomes.

Nutrition During Cancer Treatment

During cancer treatment, individuals often have unique and fluctuating nutritional needs influenced by factors such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. At UR Medicine, oncology dietitians collaborate closely with patients and their healthcare teams to ensure:

• Weight maintenance and proper hydration.
• Sufficient protein intake to meet heightened demands during treatment.
• Management of treatment-related side effects, including nausea, taste alterations, diarrhea, or constipation.

Managing Common Side Effects with Food

Dietitians often address common concerns faced during treatment:

• Nausea: Consuming ginger and opting for milder flavors in smaller, more frequent meals can help.
• Taste Changes: Enhancing flavors with citrus, vinegar, and herbs, or using a baking soda-salt rinse can improve palate perception.
• Diarrhea: Increasing fluid intake and opting for soluble-fiber foods, such as bananas, applesauce, oatmeal, and mashed potatoes, are beneficial.
• Constipation: Ensure adequate fluid intake and include insoluble fiber, paired with physical activity when possible.

Czap encourages patients to seek personalized nutrition support, as everyone’s requirements are different.

Study Indicates Diet Helps with Advanced Breast Cancer

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center and the Wilmot Cancer Institute found that plant-based diets improved patients’ overall mental sharpness and well-being. Learn more about the clinical trial results here.

Common Myths—Sugar, Carbs, and Soy

In the realm of nutrition, many misconceptions abound. It’s unnecessary to entirely eliminate carbohydrates, sugar, or soy from your diet.

According to Czap, the focus should be on the quality and portion of carbohydrates. Prefer whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, or farro, paired with healthy fats and proteins. Whole soy foods are safe, and while it’s wise to limit added sugars, natural sugars found in whole fruits are essential for a balanced diet.

UR Medicine’s Approach

UR Medicine offers various programs to assist patients throughout their cancer treatment. The Cooking for Wellness classes encourage individuals to find joy in cooking and eating, fostering connections through food. Patients are welcome to bring family and friends to these sessions, helping create a supportive atmosphere.

Pluta Integrative Oncology and Wellness Center

The Wellness Center is dedicated to helping patients manage symptoms, enhance their quality of life, and regain a sense of control over their care. For further information, explore Pluta Integrative Oncology and Wellness Center.