It Can Be Difficult to Eat Enough During Cancer Treatment – Here’s Why

Cancer and its treatments often significantly alter the body’s nutritional needs. Interestingly, individuals undergoing cancer treatment typically require more calories than those who are not, according to experts like dietitian Rodgers. However, the very nature of cancer and its therapies can introduce a cascade of side effects, making it challenging to meet these increased nutritional demands.

Why It’s Still Important to Eat When You Don’t Have an Appetite

You might wonder why dietitians stress the importance of eating even when your appetite wanes. “Our main source of energy comes from the food we eat,” Rosemond explains. Maintaining your weight and muscle mass is crucial during treatment; it helps you retain the strength, balance, and coordination you need to manage daily activities.

In some cases, mild illness may lead to a temporary loss of appetite; typically, once you recover, your eating habits normalize. However, if you remain unwell for an extended duration, the consequences can become dire. Prolonged periods of low calorie and nutrient intake can lead to a state known as ‘prolonged starvation.’ During this phase, the body begins to utilize its fat and lean muscle for energy, which can dramatically impair recovery.

Lean muscle mass is particularly important for healing in cancer patients. “Those who experience significant weight loss may face delays in treatment and worse outcomes,” Rodgers cautions.

How to Eat Well When You Don’t Feel Well

Despite the challenges, it’s vital to find ways to ensure your body receives the nutrients it needs. Here are nine strategies to help you navigate nutrition during tough times.

Think of Food as Fuel

When you’re feeling poorly, meals might no longer seem enjoyable. This is the time to reframe your perspective on food. Rodgers compares food to gasoline for a car: “If you don’t put gas in a car, it won’t go.” Approach eating as a way to fuel your body, enhancing your energy levels and improving your quality of life.

Manage Side Effects

Addressing specific side effects can significantly ease your dietary challenges. Each patient’s experience can vary, so tailored strategies are essential. Consider the following tips:

• Altered Taste:

  • Opt for soft or moist foods.
  • Utilize straws for beverages.
  • If flavors turn salty, sweeten them.
  • Use plastic or wooden utensils if metals impart a metallic taste.

• Mouth Sores / Trouble Chewing:

  • Focus on soft foods.
  • Smoothies and shakes can serve as nutritious drinkable options.

• Nausea:

  • Consult your doctor about anti-nausea medications.
  • Avoid greasy or fatty foods.

• Constipation:

  • Stay hydrated.
  • Integrate high-fiber foods into your diet.

Eat Frequent Meals

Eating structured meals may not be feasible when feeling unwell. Instead, consider grazing throughout the day. Snacking can sometimes feel less daunting than large meals, helping you consume adequate calories. Quick ideas include:

• Nutritional shakes
• Fruit with yogurt
• Crackers topped with nut butter
• Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches
• Hard-boiled eggs
• Cheese cubes
• Trail mix
• Bagels with cream cheese

If you struggle with remembering meal times, setting an alert on your phone to remind you every few hours can keep you on track.

Eat What You Can

When your health takes a hit, any food can be better than no food. The mantra from experts like Rosemond is clear: prioritize caloric intake over strict dietary restrictions. While a balanced diet is ideal, the reality is that preserving muscle mass during treatment is paramount, often taking precedence over the quality of the diet.

Make Every Bite Count

During challenging times, focus on nutrient-dense foods. “Make every bite count,” Coleman advises. Aim for calorie-rich foods to support your energy and strength. Simple ways to boost caloric intake include:

• Adding dried fruits or nuts to porridge
• Mixing sour cream or cheese into mashed potatoes
• Enjoying apple or banana slices with nut butter

Protein should also be prioritized at every meal, as it directly impacts energy levels and muscle mass. A convenient option for those low on energy is prepackaged oral nutrition shakes.

Do Light Activity

Gentle physical activity can stimulate hunger cues. Activities such as short walks or even simple tasks around the house can be helpful. While exercise may seem daunting when unwell, it doesn’t require an exhaustive workout to be effective.

Create a Mealtime Routine

Maintaining a sense of normalcy at mealtime can be comforting. Consider joining family or friends at the table, even if you eat different dishes. Rosemond notes that being in a pleasant environment can help stimulate appetite.

Make Mealtime Simple

When you don’t feel well, meal preparation can feel overwhelming. Here are some streamlined strategies:

• Meal prep before starting treatment and store options in the freezer.
• Use one-pot or sheet pan meals to cut time and dishes.
• Cook larger meals for leftovers and quick reheating.
• Look for pre-prepared meals at the grocery store.
• Keep essentials for simple snacks and meals readily available.
• Consider meal delivery services for added convenience.

Still Struggling? Let Your Care Team Know

If you find eating to be a monumentally difficult task, don’t hesitate to communicate your challenges to your care team. Forcing yourself to eat when it causes discomfort can exacerbate issues like nausea. Your care team can offer solutions, including IV fluids or medications tailored to your needs.

MD Anderson patients can also reach out to a registered dietitian for personalized guidance on nutrition. “Let’s make this a little more manageable,” Rodgers suggests, underscoring a collaborative approach to care.